Building Fluent Readers with Scarborough’s Reading Rope

Students need to connect eight key skills to become fluent readers. If they struggle with any of these skills, they may find it hard to decode words, build vocabulary, and understand what they're reading.

Word Recognition is a combination of:
Phonological awareness
Decoding
Sight recognition

Language comprehension requires the combination of:
Background knowledge
Vocabulary
Language structures
Verbal reasoning
Literacy knowledge